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Sunday, June 25, 2023
Early days of English newspapers in Sri Lanka
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රූපවාහිනී මාධ්‍ය ඉතිහාසය
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රූපවාහිනී මාධ්‍ය ඉතිහාසයඅභිලේඛන හා බෙර ගැසීමේකලාවෙන් විකාශනය වූ සන්නිවේදනය ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට අලුත් දෙයක් නොවේ, නමුත් විප්ලවීය වෙනසක් සිදු වූයේ 1923 දී යටත් විජිත පාලනය විසින් ගුවන්විදුලි විකාශනය හඳුන්වා දීමත් සමඟ ය. දැනට ගුවන් විදුලි මධ්‍යස්ථාන 70 ක් පමණ ඇත. , මෙන්ම All India Radio, BBC World Service, China Radio International, සහ Radio VERITAS Asia වැනි විදේශීය මධ්‍යස්ථාන. කාලයාගේ ඇවෑමෙන් විකාශනය වේගවත් දියුණුවක් ලබා ඇත.
Wednesday, May 31, 2023
සන්නිවේදන වර්ගීකරණය
සන්නිවේදන වර්ගීකරණය
අන්තර්වර්තී පුද්ගල සන්නිවේදනය
මෙය පුද්ගලයා තුළම සිදුවන සන්නිවේදන ක්‍රියාවලියකි. මෙම සන්නිවේදන වර්ගය තුල තීරණ ගැනීමට ප්‍රමුඛත්වයක් හිමිවේ. සෑම තැනැත්තෙකුම කුඩාකළ සිට පන්චෙන්ද්‍රියෙන් තොරතුරු එක් රැස් කර ගනී. එම තොරතුරු වලින් බොහොමයක් ඔහුගේ යටි සිතේ තැන්පත් වේ. අන්තර්වර්ති පුද්ගල සන්නිවේදනයේ තීරණ ගැනීමේදී එලෙස තමා රැස් කල තොරතුරු පුද්ගලයා යොදා ගනී. ඉතා හොද තොරතුරු රැස් කරගෙන ඇති පුද්ගලයෙකු වඩා ගුණාත්මක තීරණ ගැනීම කරයි. ඇතම් චිත්තවේග නිසා අන්තර්වර්ති පුද්ගල සන්නිවේදනය නිසි ලෙස ක්‍රියාත්මක නොවන අතර පුද්ගලයෙකුට තම චිත්තවේග පාලනය කරගැනීමට ඇති හැකියාව මෙම සන්නිවේදනයේ ගුණාත්මක බව ඉහල නංවයි. අන්තර්වර්තී පුද්ගල සන්නිවේදනයේ පහත ලක්ෂණ දැකිය හැක.
- පුද්ගලයා තුල සිදුවන ආත්ම භාෂණයකි.
- සන්නිවේදනය හා ග්‍රාහකයා එකම පුද්ගලයෙකු වේ.
- මනස ප්‍රමුඛ වේ
- පුද්ගල මතකයට සම්බන්ධ හා ස්වයං දෘෂ්ඨියට අදාළ වේ.
- පුද්ගලයන් දෙදෙනෙකු අතර සිදුවීම
- වාචිකව මෙන්ම නිර්වචිකවද සිදුකළ හැකි වීම
- ප්‍රතිචාර ක්ෂනිකව සිදුවීම
- සන්නිවේදනයේ භාධක අවම වීම
- තාක්ෂණික උපකරණ භාවිතයට හැකි වීම.
- අන්තර් පුද්ගල සන්නිවේදනයට උදාහරණ ලෙස කඩේකින් භාණ්ඩයක් මිලදී ගැනීම, මවගෙන් කරුණක් විමසීම, මිතුරෙකුට දුරකථන ඇමතුමක් ලබා දීම වැනි අවස්ථා දැක්විය හැක.
- සාමුහික ක්‍රියාවලියක් වීම
- මත ගණනකින් වඩා ඵලදායි මතයට අවස්ථාව ලැබීම
- නිශ්චිත පොදු අරමුණක් ඇතිව ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීම
- වෘත්තිය සන්නිවේදකයන් සිටීම
- සන්නිවේදනය වන්නේ පොදු පණිවිඩයකි
- විශාල ග්‍රාහක පිරිසක් ඇත
- සන්නිවේදකයා හා ග්‍රාහකයා අතර පෞද්ගලික හදුනුම්කමක් නැත
- ආයතනික රටාවක් ඔස්සේ ක්‍රියාත්මක වේ
- ප්‍රමාද වූ ප්‍රතිචාර දක්නට ලැබේ.
Monday, May 29, 2023
What is media?
What is Media ?
The media also plays a critical role in facilitating social change and shaping public opinion and attitudes. The media, through its reporting, can put a spotlight on critical developments that impact negatively and positively on people’s lives, as well as bringing to the fore issues that are often ignored and voices that are marginalised. The media’s agenda-setting function often influences debate, thinking and priorities within society. Research and data has shown how the media reinforces stereotypes, especially on issues of gender, religion and culture. Women are often portrayed in subordinate roles to men. When journalists look for sources for their stories, they often gravitate towards the powerful people in any community, who are mostly men. Women are often portrayed in their traditional roles as wives, mothers and care-givers, while men are seen as powerful, resourceful, leaders and many such roles associated with power.
Types of media
Mass media - Print (newspapers, magazines), TV, radio. Despite the sharp decline in newspaper readership globally, newspapers are still an important source of news in Africa. Politicians, policy makers and others still refer to newspapers for information and to gauge public opinion. However, the penetration of newspapers is still hampered by low literacy levels and poor distribution networks. Radio remains the most important source of information for both urban and rural communities. It also has immense capacity for wider coverage and ability to integrate a diverse range of programmes forms.
Community media - Community media is important because of its ability to focus and cover issues within a particular community. For example, journalists who work for community radio stations are often from the community. However, community radio stations have limitations of geographical coverage, they are poorly resourced and their journalists and editors are not trained.
New media – This is an area of startling growth in Africa, which has seen people accessing and disseminating information in ways that were inconceivable a decade ago. People are using new media (internet, email, blogs, SMS platforms, etc.) to access and disseminate social, political and economic information. New media also offers new ways to develop partnership with telecommunication companies to disseminate critical issues from research that can change people’s lives.
Tuesday, May 2, 2023
Contemporary Media Landscape in Sri Lanka
Contemporary Media Landscape in Sri Lanka
Media is the plural form of medium, which (broadly speaking) describes any channel of communication. This can include anything from printed-paper to digital data, and encompasses art, news, educational content and numerous other forms of information. Anything that can reach or influence people, including phones, television, and the Internet can be considered a form of media. Media of Sri Lanka consist of several different types of communications media: television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and Web sites. State and private media operators provide services in the main languages Sinhala, Tamil and English.
The media sector in Sri Lanka consists of two main parts namely traditional media and new media. Traditional means of communication for a period of time, the communication methods used by the rural people for information, knowledge, leisure and entertainment using the resources available from the surrounding environment can be termed as traditional media. These have their origin in traditional societies and are used in those societies. These media continue to exist in rural communities. These have no definite authorship. It is also done with the participation of villagers without the use of technical tools. In the prehistoric era of human history, sound signals, drumming, sak sound, trumpet sound, etc. and visual signals such as hanging tobacco branches, flags, marking etc. have been use for traditional communication. Types of traditional communication media, Village plays, Janakavi, Folk tales, Puppets, Folklore are some of them.
As humans evolved biologically, media evolved to suit their changing needs. Acharya Tudor Weerasingheyan says that newspapers, magazines, periodicals, radio, television, and cinema can be called authentic media. New media emerged as traditional media were swayed by the technological revolutions of the 20th century. New media is a worldwide network of interconnected computer networks accessible to anyone. Just a few examples of new media include Blogs, Email, Music and television streaming services, Social media networks. Virtual and augmented reality. Websites are some of them.Nowadays we do not call them new media. We currently use the name Digital media for them. That is because we are living in the year 2022. Examples of digital media include software, digital images, digital video, video games, web pages and websites, social media, digital data and databases, digital audio such as MP3, electronic documents and electronic books. Let us examine the current performance of each of these media, As far as newspapers are concerned, a media has attracted the attention of many people. During the last covid period, it faced many challenges. But the newspaper industry continued printing by displaying it through e-papers. The media today operate in an extremely challenging environment. The print newspapers industry is hamper by the high cost of newsprint, dwindling advertising revenues and readers switching over to alternative forms of media consumption such as the web. Many newspapers around the world have either closed down or downsized. However, some newspapers have managed to defy these trends and managed to improve their circulation on both print and digital platforms thanks to quality output and reader engagement. Every newspaper is now available digitally, but most readers will keep away if there is a pay wall, unless the content is exceptionally good.
Nowadays, digital media is emerging. Because of in 2021 the digital media Landscape in Sri Lanka in constantly evolving. Social Media usage is at an all-time high post-pandemic. The world has changed and so has user behavior, as more and more people shift to the digital ecosystem. We have collected data from leading and credible data tracking sources to capture the digital media landscape in Sri Lanka in 2021, encompassing key stats across different social media platforms. In 2021 May the Internet user penetration in Sri Lanka is, there are 49.28% of total population and 50.72% internet users and there are 32 Million mobile connection and 7.9 million social media users. In addition, The Google, YouTube, Facebook, & Hiru F.M are the most visited websites in Sri Lanka. The most liked Face book celebrity pages in Sri Lanka are 1. Jacqueline, 2. Kumar Sangakkar, 3. Sri Lanka cricket, 4. Gossip Lanka are some of them. The Instagram is also the same. The most subscribed YouTube channels are T.V Derana, Sri Lanka cricket, Ape Amma, Village life and Swarnawahini.
Today, Nadagamkarayo tele drama aired on Swarnawahini channel became more popular, but the audience watched it through YouTube channel. The tele drama go to the highest number of wives through You Tube. One thing that can be seen here is that YouTube (Digital Media) is rising more than television. You can watch them on your phone. Accessing TV, radio and the internet through mobile phones has become widespread. Investments in digitalization largely depend on the success of an independent regulatory mechanism. Radio is portable among many modes of communication. Plays music and broadcasts news: The love for music never fades away for most of us. Radio continues to play music in the middle of traffic jams, long queues to keep us entertained. Also, it keeps us informed about headlines and essential news. Furthermore, it keeps us in touch with local traffic updates and daily weather reports. Also, it has been observed that the radio had been the last person to stand up in times of disaster and disaster. During situations such as the 2004 tsunami and the 2013 Uttara hand floods, radio provided information about relief work, aid and recovery efforts when other media became inaccessible. Nowadays, many sources of information and entertainment charge customers for their services. But the radio is free for all of us. This is one of the most significant reasons for the popularity of radio in the 21st century. Along with its free services, it offers its listeners a wide range of topics that they want to listen to. Trends in technologies are continuously growing. However, radio can evolve with technology, and that is why it is still prevalent in the 21st century.
Moreover, it has been excellent support for many of us during the COVID-19 pandemic. It brings us comfort and familiarity with its broadcasting songs, news and stories. It has adapted to technological changes and consumer trends. Radio is now accessible through smartphones, laptops, smartwatches, etc. The best part is that radio does not require you to set aside time the way TV does, as it asks less of its audience, being the only audio medium. In the case of TV, it requires the full attention of its audience because of the audio and visual elements present in it. However, people can take the radio with them wherever they go without losing half the experience. Therefore, what we can include from this is that no matter how much digital media has developed, radio is moving in the same way. In addition, old media is moving in the right direction just like new media. So, This is contemporary media landscape in Sri Lanka .
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ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රූපවාහිනී මාධ්‍ය ඉතිහාසය අ භිලේඛන හා බෙර ගැසීමේකලාවෙන් විකාශනය වූ සන්නිවේදනය ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට අලුත් දෙයක් නොවේ, නම...
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Contemporary Media Landscape in Sri Lanka M edia is the plural form of medium, which (broadly speaking) describes any channel of communic... -
සන්නිවේදන වර්ගීකරණය අන්තර්වර්තී පුද්ගල සන්නිවේදනය මෙය පුද්ගලයා තුළම සිදුවන සන්නිවේදන ක්‍රියාවලියකි. මෙම සන්නිවේදන වර්ගය තුල තීරණ ගැනීමට ප්‍ර...